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Type 2 Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment



Type 2 diabetes is a lifelong metabolic disorder characterized by high levels of glucose or sugar in the blood.  Type 1 diabetes is when the body does not generate sufficient insulin while Type 2 diabetes is when the cells do not respond to insulin.  This article focuses on the causes, symptoms and treatment of diabetes type 2.

About Type 2 Diabetes

Diabetes type 2 is the most common type of diabetes and affects 90-95% of diabetics.  It is characterized by insulin resistance or a defective response by the cells to insulin.  In some cases, production of insulin by the pancreas may be reduced.

Glucose or blood sugar provides fuel for the cells in the body.  Insulin is responsible for transporting glucose from the bloodstream into the cells.  When insulin cannot move the glucose into the cells, glucose accumulates in the blood and can cause diabetes complications such as damage to the nerves, kidneys, cardiovascular system and vision.

What Causes Type 2 Diabetes?

Type 2 Diabetes: Causes, Symptoms and Treatment

Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is primarily caused by lifestyle factors and genetics.  A sedentary lifestyle, obesity, and a diet high in carbohydrates and sweets are the most common causes of diabetes 2.

Signs and Symptoms of Type 2 Diabetes

The usual symptoms of diabetes are increased frequency of urination, increased thirst, and increased hunger.  People who have diabetes may also lose weight for no apparent reason.

When left untreated, diabetes can result in vision damage.  Prolonged high levels of glucose in the blood can cause glucose absorption in the lens of the eye, resulting in changes in its shape leading to blurred vision.

Other symptom of diabetes are skin rashes and wounds that heal very slowly.

Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is a chronic disease with no known cure.  As such, “treatment” may be a misnomer.  A better term might be “management” of the disease.  Management focuses on keeping blood glucose levels as close as possible to normal.  If you are diagnosed with diabetes type 2, your doctor may prescribe some form of medication.  Diet and exercise are also important in controlling type 2 diabetes.

Recent studies show that type 2 diabetes can be successfully managed without the need for medications.  A healthy diet that is low in carbohydrates and high in fiber, protein, wholegrain cereals, dairy products, fruits and vegetables can keep blood sugar at normal or near-normal levels.  The right diet and exercise help diabetics manage their blood sugar levels and prevent or reduce complications of diabetes such as blindness, kidney damage, nerve damage, and heart disease.

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Why It’s Personal

beetjuice Why Its Personal

Good morning! Can you tell beets made a special appearance in my juice today? I love the bright red color! Last night I did something that I always intend to do, but never actually do. I prepped all the vegetables so they would be ready for easy eating or cooking. I even prepared several sandwiches and boiled some eggs. I’m also working on a whole chicken and a big batch of brown rice and quinoa to eat on during the week. Why have I not done this before?

beetjuiceingredients Why Its Personal

I put everything for my juice in a plastic salad container last night so that this morning all I had to do was pull it out of the refrigerator, cut the apples, peel the lemon and start juice. I had juice and the juicer cleaned in less than five minutes. Why do these simple things in life make me feel so accomplished? I’ll never know.

I had this big(ish) post planned for today, that would go into the details of how things are going and what I’m doing and how I’m doing, but then I realized what better way to show than tell? I’m not the best at articulating things that seem abstract in my head.

But, to sum it up. After reading Brain Over Binge, I emailed the author, Kathryn Hansen. I’ve never emailed an author and wasn’t expecting a response, but sure enough, not long after my first email she replied. And then she replied again to another email filled with questions.

And while I was forming the questions and reading her response, I realized something totally and completely obvious: The process is personal.

Katheryn talks in-depth about her life post-binge. A life that is very similar to her normal eating patterns before she ever began dieting in her early teens which lead to anorexia and then bulimia (binge eating with extreme exercise). Kathryn knew about normal eating, she knew what it felt like and could call upon those feelings. Those feelings helped her to tell the difference between a binge urge and just a normal human urge to eat a little more, seconds or dessert. For her, snacking, eating without hunger and occasionally overeating are all normal. She’s also never been overweight or obese. Needing to lose weight complicates the process more for people like me.

And this is where my journey branches off.

I don’t know what it feels like to eat normally as a default. I know what it looks like and can identify what an acceptable portions is. I can recall hiding food at a very young age and because of this, I don’t have a lot of experience to draw upon to tell the difference between binge eating and “normal” eating. For me, eating without hunger, while normal on occasion for someone like Kathryn, signals to my brain that I’m in overeating mode. Eating seconds, eating between meals, and most importantly eating without hunger, all indicate that I’m off track. This thought process leads to overeating or binge eating.

For Kathryn, she has a hard time telling the difference between true hunger and urges. I don’t. I’m very aware of the difference between eating for true hunger and not. Eating without that true feeling of hunger, for me, is following my “lower voice”. That’s not to say this always isn’t the case or that there aren’t exceptions, but it’s just something I’m avoiding using Kathryn’s methods.

Occasionally people will say to me that I need to eat xyz or not eat xyz or that I need to eat several times throughout the day. And all I can say it, this is why it’s so important for me not to put what works for me onto other people. For me, eating a handful of cherries while making dinner is okay. Eating a handful of potato chips is not. Eating six meals a day because someone tells me a should, even though I’m not hungry, is not okay to me, only because it signals an urge to continue eating. Eating without hunger is like telling myself “you blew it! eat more!” And that’s my pattern.

Kathryn’s Response:

This is one of the reasons why I mentioned in my book that some people may want to use meal plans (and possibly consult a nutritionist) at first, if they truly feel like they don’t know how to eat normally without binge eating.  I didn’t give much advice directly to the reader (I primarily explained my own story and ideas) in the book because I’m not in a position to give specific medical advice, but that’s one thing I felt was important to include. You have to do what you think will be best for you, and if that includes no unplanned eating and/or no extra servings and/or no small snacks of less-than-healthy food; I think that makes sense. I referred to something similar to this in the last chapter of the book under the subheading “Bridge to Addiction Therapy,” saying that someone could get rid of all problematic foods for a while, then gradually add them back if they want them in their diet.  For you, you could avoid all non-hungry eating for a while, and then – when you feel more confident – gradually start giving yourself some more flexibility.

In my past, another slice of cake always signaled that I was out of control, or would soon be. Even if it was just another portion of something, I’ve always used that as an excuse to eat more. It seems that for me, when I eat when I’m not hungry, I’m giving myself a free pass to binge or to eat too much. This sort of black and white thinking is my pattern.

I’m in a place where I want to eat well because I’m trying to get a lot done. If food weighs me down or makes me feel bad, I become foggy and start putting things off.

Yesterday for example, was a good day of eating :

Woke up slight hungry so I ate a green apple and drank some coffee. I rarely drink coffee, but I followed the craving. A few hours later I ate a spinach salad with salsa, a couple of homemade corn chips crumbled on top, a little shredded turkey and a few cherry tomatoes.

I felt good, satisfied and full.

Around dinner time Josh took me out to Mexican where I had a few corn chips and we shared the chicken fajita dinner for one. I ate a small plate of the salad, guacamole, chicken and vegetables. I was full and satisfied.

And that’s one day, each day is different, but it was successful for me (emphasis one me) because 1) I didn’t overeat 2) I didn’t eat when I wasn’t truly hungry 3) I ate what my body wanted 4) I ate until satisfied and because of this I felt 1) clean 2) productive 3) healthy 4) satisfied.

Everyday is different. Some mornings I may wake up and just want a raw juice, while others nothing else will satisfy me like whole wheat toast, eggs and bacon. Other lunches may be a giant salad, or a burger or Indian food. Dinner may be sushi, or steamed vegetables, or a couple of slices of pizza. All of these decisions are okay with me. I feel good as long as I’m not eating too much.

For me, at this stage, eating without hunger, overeating and binge eating are all one in the same. They may look slightly different, but the root is very much the same. It’s how I can tell if the urge is a habit or a true need.

I want my food choices to be because they make me feel good. Raw juice and a turkey sandwich for breakfast this morning fuels me and makes me feel good. It’s not perfect. I’m not going to eat six meals a day just because it’s suggested or because it works for someone else.

The other balance is cooking and preparing food when I’m not actually hungry, in anticipation. I’m planning meals and having things ready to eat. I have a clear idea of what I want to eat and making it easily accessible is key.

So I’m curious, how is your journey different from mine? Does anything trigger old or bad habits for you?

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How Do You Get Diabetes?



People who suffer from diabetes, and even those who don’t, often wonder and ask: How do you get diabetes?  What is the cause of diabetes?

Diabetes is a disorder wherein the body is unable to regulate its blood sugar level.  The hormone insulin which is secreted by the pancreas plays an important role in controlling glucose levels in the blood.  If the production of insulin is hampered or if the body becomes resistant to insulin, diabetes symptoms may appear.

Types of Diabetes

To answer the question “How do you get diabetes?”, it helps if you know what the main types of diabetes are.  Type 1 diabetes occurs when cells in the pancreas that secrete insulin, called beta cells, are destroyed and can no longer produce insulin.  Medical professionals believe that type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disorder.

How Do You Get Diabetes?

How Do You Get Diabetes?

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes, affecting 90-95% of diabetes sufferers.  In type 2 diabetes, the pancreas continues to produce insulin but the body develops insulin resistance and the insulin becomes less effective.

Gestational diabetes occurs in some women during pregnancy.  This condition usually self-corrects after childbirth.

Causes of Type 1 Diabetes

How do you get type 1 diabetes?

Medical experts generally believe that Type 1 diabetes is caused by a combination of genetics and environmental factors.  The exact cause is not known but experts think that some people inherit genes that tell the body to destroy beta cells.  An unhealthy diet and negative environmental factors can trigger the onset of the disease.

Causes of Type 2 Diabetes

Type 2 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes and is characterized by insulin resistance.  It usually develops later in life, although these days diabetic sufferers are getting younger and younger.

Genetics also plays a role in Type 2 diabetes.  If you have a family member with the condition, you may also develop diabetes.  Age may also be a factor – people who are over 40 years old are more at risk of developing type 2 diabetes.

Other probable causes of type 2 diabetes include obesity, an unhealthy diet, and lack of exercise.

Causes of Gestational Diabetes

There is no clear answer to the question: How do you get gestational diabetes?  This conditional can happen to some women during pregnancy.  It is believed that hereditary genes as well as hormonal changes during pregnancy can cause gestational diabetes.

How Do You Prevent Diabetes?

Diabetes may be difficult to avoid and prevent if you are genetically predisposed to the condition, but studies show that a healthy diet, regular exercise and maintaining a healthy body weight can greatly reduce the chances of developing the disease.